What is an information System?
- Software
- Hardware
- Data to be manipulated
- Personnel to oversee the running of the system
- Procedures to make sure that data is manipulated efficiently.
Elements of an Information System
- Software
- Operation/System software
- Application Software
- Utility Software
- Programming software
- Hardware
- Input devices
- Output devices
- System unit
- Storage Devices
- Communication Devices
- Data
May be letters, numbers, words, images or sounds that are not meaningful until manipulated
- People/Personnel
Employees, customers, sellers and other people who use the system
- Procedures
Tasks that the user can perform in regard to the system
Characteristics of Data and Information.
- Characteristics of data
- Primary Data sources
- Secondary Data sources
- suitibility
- Reliability
- Accuracy
- Timeliness
- Freedom from Bias
- Characteristics of Information
- Relevant information
- Complete information
- Timely information
- Accurate information
- Unbiased Information
- Bias Through Sorting
- Bias Through Graphics
- Clarity of the message.
Information Processing steps.
- Acquisition
- input
- Validation
- Manipulation
- Storage
- Retrieval
- Output
- Communication
- Archive or Disposal
- Reason for using information
Information is used to persuade, inform, educate and entertain
- Information suited to it's Audience
The right audience must be researched and the message must be presented in a way that they would accept.
- Characteristics of Audience.
Information should meet the needs of the users, as well as take into account the audience size, profile and background.
Information and Characteristics in organisation.
- Information Flow
The information needs to flow internally between the Four Heirachy levels within the company; Senior Management, Middle management, Operational Management and Operational workers.
- Structure of Information
- Detail reports
- Summary Reports
- Aggregate Reports
- Sample reports
- Exeption Reports
Decision making in Organisations
- Senior Management.
Problems that involve the long-term goals
- Middle management
Problems that affect the running of the organisation
- Operational Management
Problems that deal with the day-to-day operational Decisions
- Operational Workers
Day-to-day decisions that effect the business' efficiency
Identifying informational problems
- What is an informational problem?
An Informational problem is generally when the organisations goals have not been met.
The Problem-solving Methodology
- Analyse
- Design
- Develope
- Test
- Document
- Implement
- Evaluate
